Rethinking Antiquities: Preserving Culture Beyond Private Collections

Understanding the Allure of Collecting

Is there anyone out there who doesn’t like to collect something? I believe that most people have collections, perhaps because they relate to the objects, find sentimental value in them, or feel a connection to their culture. Collecting can span just about anything. From historical artifacts to sports memorabilia, comic books, and other items, the variety is endless. I, for one, collect Funko Pop figures. Don’t ask me why, I just do.

The Allure of Antiquities

The antiquities market follows a similar concept. Many people are drawn to antiquities because they represent connections to world cultures, history, or religion. This connection often ignites a thrill of knowing that these items may have existed during some of the most fascinating times in history. The best part? They are 100% unique, predating the Industrial Revolution and mass production. Although product standardization existed even as early as the Roman period, around 2,000 years ago, nothing compares to the individuality of antiquities.

The Historical Background of Collecting

Throughout history, the practice of collecting unique artifacts has been common. This was very common practice during military conquests, with examples such as Napoleon Bonaparte, who collected none other than the famous Roseta Stone, among other items. As the world has become more globalized, and economic opportunities have enabled many to travel, collectors have discovered a myriad of rare and exotic artifacts. Owning these exclusive pieces has created an entire market. People seek to possess one-of-a-kind historical items and feel a sense of pride.

The Dark Side of Collecting

What many didn’t realize, or didn’t care about, was that taking these artifacts from their places of origin often destroys the historical context of those cultures. This practice can lead to profit at the expense of valuable history.

A clear example comes from my home country, Israel, which boasts a rich archaeological history. Naturally, many have found and sold artifacts. One of the most commonly traded artifacts has been ancient coins, primarily due to their inherent value. Consequently, looters specifically targeted these coins, removing them from their original context. This led to a situation where the only way to study these coins was through vendors rather than through archaeological excavations. While scholars could analyze the physical coins, their origins and archaeological context were often lost, along with most of their historical story.

The Issues with Private Collections

Another major issue with private antiquities collections is that, once an artifact is purchased, it frequently becomes hidden from the public. As Indiana Jones famously stated, “It belongs in a museum.” Recognizing this issue, many nations that gained independence in the mid-to-late 20th century enacted laws to protect their cultural heritage. They have banned the sale of antiquities to preserve their history.

International Efforts and Reforms

The international community has also taken action. UNESCO’s 1970 Convention aims to prevent the illicit export, import, and transfer of cultural property.

Photo by Hunter Zheng on Unsplash

The Challenges of Enforcement

Unfortunately, even with these regulations in place, it remains difficult to monitor and control the antiquities trade. The high price of artifacts continues to entice looters willing to take risks. Although new technologies have improved tracking methods, preventing illicit antiquities trafficking remains a significant challenge, both logistically and financially.

To put things into perspective, organizations like the Museum of Looted Antiquities (MOLA) estimate the illicit antiquities market to be worth around $2 billion. This staggering figure highlights the urgency of addressing the issue.

A Ray of Hope: The Younger Generation

While this remains an ongoing issue for cultures worldwide, there is hope. The younger generation is becoming more aware and respectful of cultural heritage. They believe that artifacts should remain with their rightful owners instead of falling into private hands.

Embracing New Technologies

Additionally, emerging technologies are enhancing museum experiences and creating ethical alternatives. These innovations can support the cultures to which these artifacts belong.

In conclusion, collecting antiquities can be intriguing, but it carries significant ethical responsibilities. As collectors and enthusiasts, we have a duty to respect and preserve our cultural heritage. By doing so, we ensure that future generations can appreciate the stories and history behind these unique artifacts. Collecting should not come at the cost of erasing the past. Rather, it should celebrate and safeguard it for years to come.